EFEKTIVITAS APLIKASI GIBERELIN (GA?) PADA BERBAGAI WAKTU DAN KONSENTRASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL CABAI MERAH KERITING (Capsicum annuum L.)

Khairul  Anwar; Nindya  Arini; Syaiful  Anwar; Af’idzatuttama Af’idzatuttama; Lulu Fatikhatul  Maryamah

doi:10.35335/fruitset.v14i3.7283

Authors

Khairul Anwar Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia
Nindya Arini Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia
Syaiful Anwar Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia
Af’idzatuttama Af’idzatuttama Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia
Lulu Fatikhatul Maryamah Universitas Muria Kudus, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35335/fruitset.v14i3.7283

Keywords:

Application Time, Concentration, Curly Red Chili Pepper, Gibberellic Acid, Productivity

Abstract

The productivity of curly red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) remains relatively low due to suboptimal management of plant growth regulators, particularly gibberellic acid (GA?). Although GA? is known to stimulate vegetative growth and reproductive development, information regarding the effectiveness of different application timings and GA? concentrations in curly red chili is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GA? application timing and concentration on the growth and yield of curly red chili and to identify the most effective treatment. The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive evaluation of the combined effects of GA? application timing and concentration on both vegetative growth and yield components of curly red chili within a single experimental framework. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2025 at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muria Kudus, using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was GA? application timing (3, 6, and 8 weeks after transplanting, WAT), while the second factor was GA? concentration (0, 90, 110, and 130 ppm). The results showed that there was no significant interaction between application timing and GA? concentration for most growth and yield parameters. A GA? concentration of 130 ppm produced the best response, increasing plant height to 71.11 cm, leaf number to 147.92 leaves, branch number to 4.56 branches, accelerating flowering to 24.64 days after transplanting (approximately 36.1% earlier than the control), increasing fruit number to 27.22 fruits per plant (approximately 17.1% higher than the control), and producing the highest shoot dry weight of 27.22 g. This study provides further evidence of the physiological responses of curly red chili to different GA? concentrations and application timings. Practically, the findings suggest that the application of 130 ppm GA? can be recommended as an effective cultivation strategy to improve the growth and productivity of curly red chili.

References

Adilah, R., Rochmatino, R., Prayoga, L. (2020). Pengaruh Paklobutrazol dan GA3 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L.). BioEksakta: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, 2(1): 109–114.

Ananta, I.G.B.T., Anjasmara, D.G.A. (2022). Potensi Ekstrak Buah Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum annum var. Longum) sebagai Antioksidan dan Antibakteri. Jurnal Medicamento, 8(1): 48–55.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistika Tanaman Sayuran dan Buah-buahan Semusim di Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Cokrowati, N., Diniarti, N. (2019). Komponen Sargassum aquifolium sebagai Hormon Pemicu Tumbuh untuk Eucheuma cottonii. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 19(2): 316–321.

Debitama, A.M.N., Mawarni, I.A., Hasanah, U. (2022). Pengaruh Hormon Auksin sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh pada Beberapa Jenis Tumbuhan Monocotyledoneae. Biodidaktika, 17(1): 121–122.

Fasya, E.R.O., Hidayat, R., Nugrahani, P. (2025). Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Waktu Aplikasi Giberelin terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.). Agrocentum, 3(2): 50–58.

Gardner, F., Pearce, R.B., Mitchell, R.L. (2017). Physiology of Crop Plants. Jakarta: UI Press.

Gresiyanti, D.M., Rahayu, Y.S. (2023). Efektivitas Kombinasi Berbagai ZPT Alami terhadap Perkecambahan Biji, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.). LenteraBio, 12(3): 307–316.

Kasri, E.I., Nuraeni, Madauna, I.S. (2024). Efektivitas Berbagai Konsentrasi Giberelin dan Jenis Mulsa terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Katokkon (Capsicum annum L. var. sinensis). Agrotekbis, 12(3): 567–577.

Li, J.Z., Li, M.Q., Han, Y.C., Sun, H.Z., Du, Y.X., Zhao, Q.Z. (2019). The Crucial Role of Gibberellic Acid on Germination of Drought-Resistant Upland Rice. Biologia Plantarum, 63: 529–535.

Lucky, M., Tobing, L., Yulianto, D.H.D., Patricia, W. (2024). Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum annuum L.) akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Nitrogen-Fosfor-Kalium dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Rona Teknik Pertanian, 17(2): 181–191.

Pichardo-González, J.M., Guevara-Olvera, L., Couoh-Uicab, Y.L., González-Cruz, L., Bernardino-Nicanor, A., Medina, H.R., González-Chavira, M.M., Acosta-García, G. (2018). Efecto de las giberelinas en el rendimiento de chile jalapeño (Capsicum annuum L.). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 9(5): 1021–1030.

Rachma, A., Suminarti, N.E. (2019). Pengaruh Pupuk Kalsium dan Giberelin pada Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Kualitas Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(12): 2662–2671.

Ritonga, F.N., Zhou, D., Zhang, Y., Song, R., Li, C., Li, J., Gao, J. (2023). The Roles of Gibberellins in Regulating Leaf Development. Plants, 12(6): 1243.

Roberts, J.A., Hooley, R. (1988). Plant Growth Regulators. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.

Roopa, B., Premalatha, S.J., Manjula, A.C., Bhattacharya, S., Prasad, G., Reddy, V.D., Shrivastava, R., Patil, S.J. (2023). Role of Gibberellin in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence. European Chemical Bulletin, 12(Special Issue 10): 1–8.

Sugiura, D., Kojima, M., Sakakibara, H. (2016). Phytohormonal Regulation of Biomass Allocation and Morphological and Physiological Traits of Leaves in Response to Environmental Changes in Polygonum cuspidatum. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 1189.

Widiwurjani, Suwandi, Arista, R.A. (2020). Peran Giberelin pada Morfologi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Besar di Dataran Rendah (Capsicum annum L.). E-Journal Hijau Cendekia, 5(1): 28–36.

Wijayanto, T., Yani, W.R., Arsana, M.W. (2012). Respon Hasil dan Jumlah Biji Buah Semangka (Citrullus vulgaris) dengan Aplikasi Hormon Giberelin (GA3). Agroteknos, 2(1): 57–62.

Wubs, A.M., Ma, Y., Heuvelink, E., Marcelis, L.F.M. (2009). Genetic Differences in Fruit-Set Patterns are Determined by Differences in Fruit Sink Strength and a Source:Sink Threshold for Fruit Set. Annals of Botany, 104(5): 957–964.

Yasmin, S., Wardiyati, T., Koesrihati, K. (2014). Pengaruh Perbedaan Waktu Aplikasi dan Konsentrasi Giberelin (GA3) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(5): 395–403.

Yin, Y., Li, J., Guo, B., Li, L., Ma, G., Wu, K., Yang, F., Zhu, G., Fang, L., Zeng, S. (2022). Exogenous GA3 Promotes Flowering in Paphiopedilum callosum (Orchidaceae) through Bolting and Lateral Flower Development Regulation. Horticulture Research, 9: uhac108.