The influence of capital adequacy ratio (car) and loan to deposit ratio (ldr) on return on assets (roa) in banking companies listed on the indonesia stock exchange
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Published:
Aug 30, 2026
Keywords:
CAR, LDR, ROA, Perbankan
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Economy
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Abstract
The objective of this research is to analyze how Capital Adequacy Ratio and Loan to Deposit Ratio affect Return on Assets in Indonesian banks listed on IDX from 2021 to 2025. Previous studies show inconsistent findings regarding the effect of CAR and LDR on ROA. Some found a positive effect, while others found negative or insignificant results. This inconsistency indicates a research gap that needs further testing in the post-pandemic period. The population includes all banks listed on IDX in 2025. The sample was selected using purposive sampling: banks listed consecutively from 2021-2025 with complete annual reports. Based on these criteria, 16 banks were selected. This study uses a panel data design with 80 observational data to capture cross-sectional and time-series effects. Multiple linear regression with SPSS was used. Classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation were conducted prior to analysis. The results show that CAR and LDR negatively affect ROA. Specifically, CAR has a negative and significant effect with B = -0.149, Beta = -0.303, t = -2.881, p = 0.005. LDR also has a negative and significant effect with B = -0.164, Beta = -0.249, t = -2.370, p = 0.020. Simultaneously, CAR and LDR significantly affect ROA with F = 6.739, p = 0.002. CAR and LDR explain 14.9% of ROA variation, with Adjusted R² = 0.149. The novelty of this study is its use of recent data from 2021-2025 during economic recovery. The implication is that banks should optimize CAR and LDR levels to maintain profitability
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Purwaningrum, D. ., Daman, A. ., Putra, D. A. ., Kurniawan, E. . and Saputra, , D. A. . (2026) “The influence of capital adequacy ratio (car) and loan to deposit ratio (ldr) on return on assets (roa) in banking companies listed on the indonesia stock exchange”, Jurnal Mantik, 10(2), pp. 636-646. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v10i2.7384.
References
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Ningsih, S. D., & Ilhami, S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal (CAR) dan Likuiditas (LDR) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan (ROA) Keuangan Bank Swasta Nasional Tahun 2014-2018 (Studi pada Bei Bank Swasta Nasional). JAMIN?: Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen Dan Inovasi Bisnis, 5(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.47201/jamin.v5i2.142
Nurhasanah, D. (2021). ANALISA PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN PERIODE 2016 – 2018. 9(1), 85–95.
Periode, B. B., Putri, N. A., & Pardede, R. P. (2023). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit , Risiko Likuiditas Dan Risiko Operasional Terhadap Profitabilitas. 11(2). https://doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v11i2.1612
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Ross, S. A., Muktiadji, N., & Sastra, H. (2021). Pengaruh Giro Wajib Minimum Dan Loan To Deposit Ratio Terhadap Return On Asset. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 9(3), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v9i3.505
Rusmini, N. M., & Adiandari, A. M. (2020). Effect of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and BOPO on Profitability on PT BPR Bali Ambassador for the Year 2014-2018. Neraca?: Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan, 1(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.31334/neraca.v1i2.858
Saleh, B. A., & Paz, V. (2023). Credit risk management and profitability: Evidence from Palestinian banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 18(3), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(3).2023.03
Sha, N. R. & T. L. (2022). 11+AKP+119+-+Jurnal-Ganjil+2020-2021-125170115-Natasya-Thio. IV(4), 1566–1576.
Sujarweni, veronika wiratna. (2020). Analisa Laporan Keuangan?: Teori, Aplikasi, dan Hasil Penelitian. Pustaka Baru Press.
V. WiratnaSujarweni. (2015). Statistik Untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi. Pustaka Baru Press 2015.
Weerasinghe, G. (2026). Loan-to-Deposit Ratio and Bank Pro itability?: Empirical Evidence from Licensed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka.
Yunike, J. (2023). Jurnal Manajemen dan Usahawan Indonesia Analisis Pengaruh Risiko Kredit , Risiko Likuiditas , serta Risiko Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan?: Studi Kasus pada Bank Umum Konvensional yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020 Analisis Pengaruh Risiko Kredit , Risiko Likuiditas , serta Risiko Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan?: Studi Kasus pada Bank Umum Konvensional. 46(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jmui.v46i1.1056
Ahmad Fauzan Fadlan, SE., S. Kom., M. (2022). Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Lainnya. Publica Indonesia Utama.
Al-Sharkas, A. A., & Al-Sharkas, T. A. (2022). the Impact on Bank Profitability: Testing for Capital Adequacy Ratio, Cost-Income Ratio and Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Markets. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 11(1 special issue), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i1siart4
Al Zaidanin, J. S., & Al Zaidanin, O. J. (2021). The impact of credit risk management on the financial performance of United Arab Emirates commercial banks. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(3), 303–319. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1102
Astuti, R. W., Sirat, A. H., & Taslim, F. A. (2023). Pengaruh Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) dan Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) Terhadap Return On Asset (ROA). Inisiatif:Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi, Dan Manajemen, 2(3).
Ben Abdallah, M., & Bahloul, S. (2025). The influence of solvency and liquidity ratios on profitability of Tunisian banks: the moderating effect of asset quality. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 16(2), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-02-2024-0136
Bisnis, F., Kristen, U., Issn, M., Wahyu, E., & Budianto, H. (2022). Pemetaan Penelitian Rasio Capital Adequacy Ratio ( CAR ) pada Perbankan Syariah dan Konvensional?: Studi Bibliometrik VOSviewer dan Literature Review. 4(3), 32–53.
Bortoluzzo, A. B., Ciganda, R. R., & Bortoluzzo, M. M. (2024). Determinant factors of banking profitability: an application of quantile regression for panel data. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00347-z
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2021). Fundamentals of Financial Managemen. Cengage Learning.
Damodar N Gujarati. (2010). Dasar-dasar Ekonometrika. Salemba Empat.
Fitri, I., Astaginy, N., & Ismanto, I. (2025). Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (Car) Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perbankan Syariah Indonesia Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2021-2023. Jurnal Bisnis Kompetitif, 4(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.35446/bisniskompetif.v4i2.2349
Gurley, J. G., & Shaw, E. S. (1956). Financial Intermediaries and the Saving?Investment Process*. The Journal of Finance, 11(2), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1956.tb00707.x
Hastasari, R., & Suharini. (2024). Pengaruh Liquid Assets Ratio Dan Loan To Deposits Ratio Terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan Nasional Indonesia Periode Tahun 2021 – 2024. 4, 4671–4682.
Jigeer, S., & Koroleva, E. (2023). The Determinants of Profitability in the City Commercial Banks: Case of China. Risks, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11030053
Kredit, P., Umum, B., & Negara, M. (2026). * Corespenden Author. 11(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.35968/jbau
Lufianda, P., & Syafri. (2023). Pengaruh Car, Npf, Fdr Dan Bopo Terhadap Profitabilitas (Roa) Pada Bank Umum Syariah (Studi Kasus: Bank Syariah Yang Terdaftar Di Ojk 2018-2022). Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(2), 3243–3254. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i2.17944
Madugu, A. H., Ibrahim, M., & Amoah, J. O. (2020). Differential effects of credit risk and capital adequacy ratio on profitability of the domestic banking sector in Ghana. Transnational Corporations Review, 12(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2019.1704582
Meliza, Hasan, N. A., & Saputri, H. (2024). The influence of banking liquidity risk on profitability: The moderating role of capital adequacy ratio. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(2), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(2).2024.11
Ningsih, S. D., & Ilhami, S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal (CAR) dan Likuiditas (LDR) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan (ROA) Keuangan Bank Swasta Nasional Tahun 2014-2018 (Studi pada Bei Bank Swasta Nasional). JAMIN?: Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen Dan Inovasi Bisnis, 5(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.47201/jamin.v5i2.142
Nurhasanah, D. (2021). ANALISA PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN PERIODE 2016 – 2018. 9(1), 85–95.
Periode, B. B., Putri, N. A., & Pardede, R. P. (2023). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit , Risiko Likuiditas Dan Risiko Operasional Terhadap Profitabilitas. 11(2). https://doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v11i2.1612
Putra, H. M. (2020). Pengaruh Car, Npf,Bopo Dan Ldr Terhadap Roa Bank Umum Syariah Yang Terdaftar Di Bank Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIMMU), 5(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.33474/jimmu.v5i1.6724
Ross, S. A., Muktiadji, N., & Sastra, H. (2021). Pengaruh Giro Wajib Minimum Dan Loan To Deposit Ratio Terhadap Return On Asset. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 9(3), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v9i3.505
Rusmini, N. M., & Adiandari, A. M. (2020). Effect of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and BOPO on Profitability on PT BPR Bali Ambassador for the Year 2014-2018. Neraca?: Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan, 1(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.31334/neraca.v1i2.858
Saleh, B. A., & Paz, V. (2023). Credit risk management and profitability: Evidence from Palestinian banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 18(3), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(3).2023.03
Sha, N. R. & T. L. (2022). 11+AKP+119+-+Jurnal-Ganjil+2020-2021-125170115-Natasya-Thio. IV(4), 1566–1576.
Sujarweni, veronika wiratna. (2020). Analisa Laporan Keuangan?: Teori, Aplikasi, dan Hasil Penelitian. Pustaka Baru Press.
V. WiratnaSujarweni. (2015). Statistik Untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi. Pustaka Baru Press 2015.
Weerasinghe, G. (2026). Loan-to-Deposit Ratio and Bank Pro itability?: Empirical Evidence from Licensed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka.
Yunike, J. (2023). Jurnal Manajemen dan Usahawan Indonesia Analisis Pengaruh Risiko Kredit , Risiko Likuiditas , serta Risiko Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan?: Studi Kasus pada Bank Umum Konvensional yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020 Analisis Pengaruh Risiko Kredit , Risiko Likuiditas , serta Risiko Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan?: Studi Kasus pada Bank Umum Konvensional. 46(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jmui.v46i1.1056
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