The Influence of Leadership Behavior, Work Environment, Compensation on Employee Work Outcomes
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Jan 30, 2022
Keywords:
Leadership Behavior, Work Environment, Motivation, Work Productivity
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Computer Science
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Abstract
This study examines the relationship between leadership behavior, work environment, and compensation to motivation and the relationship between motivation and work productivity of employees. Data collection was carried out by interviewing and distributing questionnaires to employees at PT. Sinar Pantja Daja, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The Central Java region in Indonesia is known as an industrial area. The sampling technique was carried out purposively based on specific criteria. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This research review provides practical recommendations and strategic policies in managing and increasing employee productivity. The results showed that motivation has an essential role as a mediator in increasing employee productivity. Research respondents numbered 232 employees, limited to one work department to not represent the entire population.
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Siregar, B. and Suma, D. (2022) “The Influence of Leadership Behavior, Work Environment, Compensation on Employee Work Outcomes”, Jurnal Mantik, 5(4), pp. 2311-2321. Available at: https://www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/mantik/article/view/1838 (Accessed: 31May2026).
References
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Bugenhagen, M. J., & Barbuto, J. E. (2012). Testing the Developmental Nature of Work Motivation Using Kegan’s Constructive-Development Theory. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 19(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051811404896
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Chi, H., Yeh, H., & Guo, T. (2018). Salary or job interest? How salary and job interest moderates the willingness to apply for a job. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration.
COCHRAN, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques.
Cooper, C. L., & Cartwright, S. (1994). Healthy mind; healthy organization—A proactive approach to occupational stress. Human relations, 47(4), 455-471.
Corner, D. E., & Douglas, E. (2003). Network systems design using network processors. Prentice Hall.
Cox, S., & Cheyne, A. (2000). Assessing safety culture in offshore environments. Safety science, 34(1-3), 111-129.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
Daniels, K., & Guppy, A. (1994). Occupational stress, social support, job control, and psychological well-being. Human relations, 47(12), 1523-1544.
DeNisi, A. S., & Griffin, R. W. (2005). Human resource management. Houghton Mifflin.
Dina, T., & Olowosoke, G. (2018). The Effect of Motivation and Job Performance on Library Personnel Effectiveness in Universities Libraries in Nigeria.
Elqadri, Z., Tri, D., Wardoyo, W., & Priyono, P. (2015). The Influence of Motivation and Discipline Work against Employee Work Productivity Tona'an Markets. Review of European Studies, 7. https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v7n12p59
Enzmann, D., Schaufeli, W. B., Janssen, P., & Rozeman, A. (1998). Dimensionality and validity of the Burnout Measure. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 71(4), 331-351.
Evelyne, N. (2018). Mediating Effect of Motivation on Employees Performance in Private Equity Firms, Kenya. Journal of Human Resource Management, 6, 78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20180602.15
Fiaz, M., Su, Q., & Saqib, A. (2017). Leadership styles and employees' motivation: Perspective from an emerging economy. The Journal of Developing Areas, 51(4), 143-156.
Gagné, M., Forest, J., Gilbert, M.-H., Aubé, C., Morin, E., & Malorni, A. (2010). The motivation at work scale: Validation evidence in two languages. Educational and psychological measurement, 70(4), 628-646.
Gaspersz, V. (1998). Manajemen produktivitas total: strategi peningkatan produktivitas bisnis global. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 1-311.
Ghazzawi, K., Shoughari, R. E., & Osta, B. E. (2017). Situational leadership and its effectiveness in rising employee productivity: A study on North Lebanon organization. Human Resource Management Research, 7(3), 102-110.
Gilbert, S. L., & Kelloway, E. K. (2018). Leadership, recognition and well?being: A moderated mediational model. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue canadienne des sciences de l'administration, 35(4), 523-534.
Goodluck, N. (2016). The Effect of Compensation Administration on Employee Productivity. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter), 5, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.12816/0027245
Graen, G. B., & Schiemann, W. A. (2013). Leadership?motivated excellence theory: an extension of LMX. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6): Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River. In: NJ.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS. FIFTH EDITION. PRENTICE HALL.
Hasibuan, M. S., & Hasibuan, H. M. S. (2016). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Bumi Aksara.
Heise, D. R. (1969). Problems in path analysis and causal inference. Sociological methodology, 1, 38-73.
Herzberg, F., Snyderman, B. B., & Mausner, B. (1966). The motivation to work: 2d Ed. J. Wiley.
Jöreskog, K. G. (1999). How large can a standardized coefficient be.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User's reference guide. Scientific Software International.
Kagwiria, L. (2016). Influence of leadership on employee productivity at KCB bank Kenya Ltd, Nairobi Region Branches University of Nairobi].
Kangis, P., & Lee-Kelley, L. (2000). Project leadership in clinical research organisations. International Journal of Project Management, 18(6), 393-401.
Kanji, G. K. (2008). Leadership is prime: how do you measure leadership excellence? Total Quality Management, 19(4), 417-427.
Kelechi, N. G., Akpa, V., Egwuonwu, T., Akintaro, A., Shonubi, A., & Herbertson, A. (2016). The effect of compensation administration on employee productivity. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Oman Chapter), 5(8), 40.
Khan, W., & Mufti, O. (2012). Effect of compensation on motivating employees in public and private banks of peshawar (BOK and UBL). Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(5), 4616-4623.
Kieu, H. Q. (2010). Leadership styles and organizational performance: A predictive analysis. University of Phoenix.
Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2008). Organizational behavior: key concepts, skills & best practices.
Kulik, C. T., Oldham, G. R., & Hackman, J. R. (1987). Work design as an approach to person-environment fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(3), 278-296. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(87)90044-3
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of applied psychology, 81(2), 123.
Lewis, C. W., & Gilman, S. C. (2005). The ethics challenge in public service: A problem-solving guide. John Wiley & Sons.
Liden, R. C., & Antonakis, J. (2009). Considering context in psychological leadership research. Human Relations, 62(11), 1587-1605. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709346374
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2004). What should we do about motivation theory? Six recommendations for the twenty-first century. Academy of management Review, 29(3), 388-403.
Maduka, C. E., & Okafor, O. (2014). Effect of motivation on employee productivity: A study of manufacturing companies in Nnewi. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 2(7), 137-147.
Malthis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2006). Human Resource Management (Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia). Edisi Sepuluh, Terjemahan: Diana Angelica, Penerbit: Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
Martin, A. J. (2005). The Role of Positive Psychology in Enhancing Satisfaction, Motivation, and Productivity in the Workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 24(1-2), 113-133. https://doi.org/10.1300/J075v24n01_07
Maurer, T. J., Weiss, E. M., & Barbeite, F. G. (2003). A model of involvement in work-related learning and development activity: the effects of individual, situational, motivational, and age variables. The Journal of applied psychology, 88(4), 707-724. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.707
Muijs, D. (2011). Researching leadership: Towards a new paradigm. In International handbook of leadership for learning (pp. 115-125). Springer.
Mullins, J., & Linehan, M. (2005). The central role of leaders in public libraries. Library management.
Nag, P., & Patel, V. (1998). Work accidents among shiftworkers in industry. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 21(3-4), 275-281.
Nauman, R., & Qamar, A. (2018). The impact of ethical leadership on employee productivity. Journal of Management and Human Resource (JMHR), 1, 66-84.
Negash, R., Zewude, S., & Megersa, R. (2014). The effect of compensation on employees motivation: In Jimma University academic staff. Basic Research Journal of Business Management and Accounts, 3(2), 17-27.
Nguyen, P. T., Yandi, A., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2020). Factors That Influence Employee Performance: Motivation, Leadership, Environment, Culture Organization, Work Achievement, Competence And Compensation (A Study Of Human Resource Management Literature Studies). Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 1(4), 645-662.
Oktosatrio, S. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Work-Life-Balance and Motivation of the Employees: Evidences from the Local Government of Jakarta (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i2/3866
Palvalin, M. (2017). How to measure impacts of work environment changes on knowledge work productivity–validation and improvement of the SmartWoW tool. Measuring Business Excellence.
Pasaribu, F. (2015). The situational leadership behavior, organizational culture and human resources management strategy in increasing productivity of private training institutions. Information Management and Business Review, 7(3), 65-79.
Pinder, C. C. (2014). Work motivation in organizational behavior. psychology press.
Riddle, J. (2010). The manager’s guide to increasing employee productivity. Workawesome. com.(Accessed 30 March 2013).
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. K. (2012). Management. Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2013). Organizational behavior. Pearson.
Roberts, R. L. (2005). The relationship between rewards, recognition and motivation at an Insurance Company in the Western Cape University Of The Western Cape].
Safitri, R. M., & Yudistira, S. (2020). The Effect of Compensation on Employee Productivity in Grand Rocky Hotel Bukittinggi. International Journal of Tourism, Heritage and Recreation Sport, 2(1), 1-8.
Samuel, A. (2010). The influence of work environment on workers productivity: A case of selected oil and gas industry in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management, 4, 299-307.
Sarode, A. P., & Shirsath, M. (2014). The factors affecting employee work environment & it’s relation with employee productivity. international Journal of Science and Research, 3(11), 2735-2737.
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